Treatment of neovascular glaucoma by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor combined with ultrasonic ciliary plasty / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasonic ciliary plasty(UCP)combined with injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma(NVG).METHODS: A total of 30 NVG patients(30 eyes)admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from September 2020 to September 2021 were selected. After admission, all the eyes of the patients were injected with anti-VEGF drug(ranibizumab). After surgery, 15 patients were randomly selected for UCP treatment(UCP group), and the other 15 patients received trabeculectomy(trabeculectomy group). During the 10mo postoperative follow-up, the decrease of intraocular pressure was compared between the two groups and the changes of the degree of ocular pain and the occurrence of related complications were evaluated at each follow-up visit.RESULTS: The intraocular pressure and pain degree of the UCP and trabeculectomy groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the complication probability of the UCP group was less than that of the trabeculectomy group.CONCLUSION: With fewer complications and high safety, UCP combined with anti-VEGF injection can effectively control intraocular pressure and pain in NVG patients.

Effects of length and chemical modification on the activation of vascular endothelial cells induced by multi walled carbon nanotubes / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different length or chemical modification on endothelial cell activation and to explore the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.@*METHODS@#MWCNTs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) after being suspended in culture medium. The immortalized mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line b.End3 was treated with short MWCNTs (S-MWCNT, 0.5 to 2 μm), long MWCNTs (L-MWCNT, 10 to 30 μm) and the above long MWCNTs functionalized by carboxyl-(L-MWCNT-COOH), amino-(L-MWCNT-NH2) or hydroxyl-(L-MWCNT-OH) modification. Cytotoxicity of MWCNTs in b.End3 cells was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and non-toxic low dose was selected for subsequent experiments. Effects of all types of MWCNTs on the endothelial activation of b.End3 were determined by the measurement of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) concentration in cell supernatant and adhesion assay of human monocytic cell line THP-1 to b.End3.To further elucidate the mechanism involved, the protein expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3) in cells treated with S-MWCNT, L-MWCNT and L-MWCNT-COOH were measured by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#At a higher concentration (125 μg/cm2) and treated for 24 h, all types of MWCNTs significantly inhibited viability of b.End3 cells. At a sub-toxic concentration (6.25 μg/cm2), all types of MWCNTs treated for 12 h significantly induced the activation of b.End3 cells, as evidenced by the elevated VCAM-1 release and THP-1 adhesion. Compared with S-MWCNT, L-MWCNT significantly promoted endothelial cell activation. L-MWCNT and L-MWCNT-COOH activated b.End3 cells to a similar extent. Furthermore, treatment with S-MWCNT, L-MWCNT and L-MWCNT-COOH increased NLRP3 expression in a time-dependent manner at 6.25 μg/cm2. Compared with S-MWCNT, cells treated with L-MWCNT for 4 h and 12 h exhibited significantly increased protein expressions of NLRP3. However, no significant differences were detected in the level of NLRP3 protein in cells treated with L-MWCNT and L-MWCNT-COOH.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with the surface chemical modification, length changes of MWCNTs exerted more influence on endothelial cell activation, which may be related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study contributes further understanding of the impact of MWCNTs on endothelial cells, which may have implications for the improvement of safety evaluation of MWCNTs.

Radiotherapy for Adult Medulloblastoma: Evaluation of Helical Tomotherapy, Volumetric Intensity Modulated Arc Therapy, and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy and the Results of Helical Tomotherapy Therapy.

INTRODUCTION: All adult medulloblastoma (AMB) patients should be treated with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) postoperatively. Because of the long irradiation range, multiple radiation fields must be designed for conventional radiotherapy technology. CSI can be completed in only one session with helical tomotherapy (HT). We evaluated the dose of HT, volumetric intensity modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) of AMB and the results of 5 cases of AMB treated with HT. METHODS: Complete craniospinal and posterior cranial fossa irradiation with HT, VMAT, and 3D-CRT and dose evaluation were performed. And results of 5 cases of AMB treated with HT were evaluated. RESULTS: A large volume of tissue was exposed to low dose radiation in the organs at risk (OAR), while a small volume was exposed to high dose radiation with HT. The conformity and uniformity of the targets were good with HT and VMAT, and the volume of targets exposed to high dose with VMAT was larger than that of HT. The uniformity of 3D-CRT was also good, but the dose conformity was poor. The main toxicity was hematologic toxicity, without 4th-degree bone marrow suppression. There was 3rd-degree inhibition in the white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets. The three female patients suffered menstrual disorders during the course of radiation. Two female patients with heavy menstruation suffered 3rd-degree anemia inhibition, and 2 patients suffered amenorrhea after radiotherapy. Although menstrual cycle was normal, the third patient was not pregnant. CONCLUSION: CSI with HT is convenient for clinical practice, and the side effects are mild. With good conformity and uniformity, VMAT can also be used for selection in CSI. For poor conformity, 3D-CRT should not be the priority selection for CSI. In female patients, the ovaries should be protected.